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Livestock are one of our most vital tools:
Livestock play a combination of roles – to regenerate - efficiently convert grass into healthy food & fibre and improve the environment and social well being.
On the downside if livestock (like fire) are not managed at a high level they degrade the landscape - our community - our economic viability
Landscape Function Grazing Management is a keystone foundation factor of Regeneration that you will see in following pages.
I will introduce you to Insightful pioneers in this field such as originator of Landscape Function Analysis, formerly Principal Research Scientist, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems
and
world leading land management and training consultant Graeme Hand from Hand For The Land
on Landscape Function Grazing Management
- flow on effects of low risk and improved sustainable profitability.
- flow on effects improved family & community health and well being
- improve pasture, soil health and wider ecosystem health
- increase healthy soil biological community, activity, nutrient and water cycling
- soil water infiltration, retention rehydration of your whole landscape
- soil carbon regeneration and storage
- increase animal health and performance,
- reduce pasture pests and weeds thus reducing input costs of chemical treatments
- reducing fertiliser requirement
- eliminating erosion
- regenerating perennial grasses
- regenerating biodiversity flora & fauna - native animals and habitat which then contribute greatly to Landscape Function, profitability and social factors
The fundamental principle behind management is to use livestock as the most valuable tool to improve the long-term health and resilience of our landscape in a ecological sustainable profitable manner.
Utilising Landscape Function Grazing Management as a high level outcomes of a Regenerative grazing system has the potential to not only significantly reduce costs for the farmer, increase sustainable profitability, but also improve the land’s biodiversity and resilience to increasing climate variability.For more information, contact
Key Factors
Profit - People - Land:
1. Profit Increasing
•Low cost, low risk –no inputs
•Eliminate/ Minimise feeding
•Time for planning, monitoring and corrective action
•Designing a process that works for you
•Evidence and data
•Other –what jumps out for you
2. People Increasing wellbeing scores and actively promoting agriculture
•Management is under control –“built not bought”
•Proudly regenerating the land and celebrating
•Everyone can be involved
•Drought proof
•Sleepability –Mark Gardner
•Time for family, exercise, holidays……..
•Other –what jumps out for you
3. Land Increasing landscape function and biodiversity
•This is the most vital factor that underpins profit and people factors
- Designed for convenient management to increase landscape function –flexible fencing and water that is easily automated
•Animals selected so that they are well and thriving
•Time for planning and thinking
•Evidence and data
•Other –what jumps out for you
Writing credits above; Graeme Hand
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Transition to Landscape Function Grazing Management
Evolution: From a feedlot business model system
to a modern business system of grass-lot profitable system
Some words that consumers-graziers and industry are describing this business model system as:
- smart & highly practical: ecologically - economically - & socially
- high tech yet obviously so simple and practical
- intelligent - agile - adaptive
- World leading block chain technology ecosystem from pasture to processors to world of consumers. Paddock to plate
- World Leading Biosecurity & Animal Welfare System. Monitored herd combining people back on country & technology
- World Leading remote satellite convenient technologies: cameras, auto weigh & draft - portable yards, environment monitoring & data management systems.
- World Leading solution for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Management of livestock.
- Leading Australia's State of Environment solution to Biodiversity loss & Climate Change threats and regeneration of the health of Australia's plants, animals, threatened species, ecosystems, soil health, food health, human health and social well being.
- Peer reviewed research and ongoing projects
- Extremely well thought through high profit - low risk business model
- How do you put a value on all that!!
Regenerative Factors of Landscape Function Grazing Management
1. Land: Increasing Landscape Function.
2. Profit: Low Risk system with Long Term Profit is increasing
3. People: Increasing wellbeing scores & actively promoting agriculture
Landscape Function Internections
a), Root Driven Recovery, Long Pasture Recovery of 12 to 15 months. Period based on STFPA
b). Safe to Fail Practice Areas (STFPA)
c), Ultra High Stock Density, High Pasture Utilisation - Non-Selective Grazing - High herd Effect
d). Management Livestock Shift based on dung & gut scores & condition scores
e). Suitable Phenotype adapted for grazing & local environment. Continuous selection of breeders - Early Maturing- High Grass Conversion Efficiencies – Parasite resistance – High Fertility
f). Convenient Infrastructure which delivers labour efficiencies, livestock behaviour benefits, increases landscape function
g). Land Monitoring & Corrective Action Form
h). Planned Grazing Steps: Plan, Schedule, Monitor
I). Evidence Ground Cover Satellite and in field Landscape Analysis (data & photo records)
For more information, contact Graeme Hand (world leading consultant)
Website: https://www.handfortheland.com/
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Regenerative Grazing Australia
A. How? Landscape Function Grazing Management can restore Landscape Function profitably:
Transition Key Points-
1. It’s not how long you graze a paddock that’s important, but how much rest it gets before you come back to it.
2. Move animals based on gut fill or before they start to eat down to the litter layer. (Note: If you are moving your animals based on gut fill or before they start to graze the litter layer (sheep) then you are not going to be leaving them in one place long enough that their grazing of regrowth is going to be a problem, apart from patches here and there. If it is, it just means you are overstocked).
3. Don’t graze a paddock until the grass is at the stage where the lower leaves are decomposing and creating litter. You want to trample this litter onto the soil to build new soil. This is fundamental.
4. Use ‘safe to fail’ practice areas to establish how much time it takes for pasture to recover fully. Rest will allow perennial grasses to come back from the soil seed bank.
5. The idea is to have a high density of animals in a small area for a short period of time and then give paddock a long rest to fully recover. In some regions that's going to be probably a minimum 6 months rest, other regions that can be 12 months or longer- this will be ascertained by the ‘safe to fail’ practice areas.
6. That means you need lots of paddocks. At least 30 is recommended. Then strip graze away from the water point in each paddock if you can.
7. Dung is a good indicator of animal health.
8. Creating a grazing plan by working out how many days you are going to graze each paddock based on its size and productivity and that will allow sufficient rest before you come back to it.
9. The hardest decision you make will be to sell stock when you realise you are overstocked. This must be done immediately. Or you have to make a decision to supplementary feed which is often not economical. Most conventional farms are overstocked.
10. Use Holistic Management to integrate your planned grazing into the big picture of what you are trying to achieve. What is key however is to monitor and adjust your plan on a continual basis based observation of gut fill, dung scores and monitoring your biological & landscape function.
11. Dig deep, learn and understand the art and science of regenerative grazing management - soil health- ecosystem function. Then Do - Change - Thrive.
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One major regenerative principle of Landscape Function Grazing is: c) UHDG Ultra High Density Grazing, High Pasture Utilisation - Non-Selective Grazing - High Herd Effect - Long Rest decision supported by Safe To Fail Trial Area.
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Fresh yellow litter is an important indicator for Landscape Function. Litter feeds biology in soil which in turn biology feed the plant. Litter is never wasted.
Perennial grass recovery scale. 1 to 5. Image supplied by Graeme Hand.
One major regenerative principle of Landscape Function Grazing Management is
a) root driven recovery and leaf driven recovery
Decomposing litter is the common link to cropping & perennial pastures.
One major regenerative principle of Landscape Function Grazing Management is
a) root driven recovery and leaf driven recovery) via management of long rest of 12 to 15 months in most regions. Rest period frequently assessed with simple yet essential monitoring by Safe To Fail Trial areas utilising simple yet highly effective Landscape Function Analysis
Image supplied by Graeme Hand
Exposed: Secret Life of Roots
Question: How does this relate to we land owners and land managers and how do we do it????????.
Landscape Function Grazing Management is keystone management factor that delivers cohesive outcomes
From an:
- Economical standpoint of improving farm profitability, low inputs, low risk
- Ecological. A management system based on Root Driven Recovery of long rest (12 to 15 months) & UHDG ultra high density grazing system (just to name a few), that improves biodiversity of native flora & fauna, sequestration of carbon into the soil, a vital tool to adaptively balance woody & grassy species habitat to desired needs
- Social benefits of profitably enabling People Back on Country to Care For Country
Recommend you dig deep and look further into the practical application and the supporting science of Landscape Function Grazing Management
Leading education practitioners of Landscape Function
- Graeme Hand. Hand For The Land. www.handfortheland.com
- Dr David Tongway
- CeliaCelia Leverton, President of Regenerative Agriculture Network Tasmania (RANT) www.rant.net.au
Current & Ongoing Research: Landscape Function
News
Eyes in the sky and hooves on the ground unite for grazing trial
Imaging traditionally used in space exploration and defence will be harnessed to capture the impacts of regenerative agriculture as part of a trial to improve future drought resilience in Tasmania’s south-east.
The project aims to assess the impact of regenerative agriculture (regen ag) on animal welfare, soil carbon, landscape function, pasture biomass and long-term agricultural sustainability and includes researchers from the Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA), the University of Tasmania, Enviro-dynamics, the Regenerative Agriculture Network of Tasmania (RANT), Cibo Labs and others.
The project will also develop new approaches for merging imagery from drones and satellites to develop new digital approaches for managing livestock from afar. These approaches will reduce labour and time required from farm managers.
The project will use several imaging tools, including drone and satellites to conduct hyperspectral imaging (a technique that analyses a wide spectrum of light to provide more information on what is imaged), to collect digital imagery of grasslands at Okehampton, a sheep grazing property near Triabunna, with a goal to optimise pasture management, improve how the landscape functions and improve drought resilience.
Systems Modelling Team Leader at TIA Associate Professor Matthew Harrison leads the research team, which includes Dr Steve Harwin, Dr Darren Turner, Dr Phil Tickle (Cibo Labs), Celia Leverton (RANT), Peter Ball (Enviro-dynamics), and Jason Whitehead, the owner of Okehampton.
“The purpose of these trials is to examine the effectiveness of regen ag and cell grazing relative to conventional grazing and to develop new methods for remote monitoring of grazing management using drone and satellite imagery,” Associate Professor Matt Harrison said.
“The project will use drones to quantify pasture biomass removed by grazing, and these algorithms may be later used to enhance real-time management for farmers via decision support tools, as well as enhance existing satellite-based approaches to improve the production of pasture biomass removed at the paddock level.
“Ultimately, these technological innovations will improve the timeliness of grazing management using remote approaches.
“In concert with regenerative agricultural approaches, the technology will improve ground cover and productivity, as well as animal welfare, which collectively can lead to improved sustainability.”
Assoc Prof. Harrison's is internationally renowned for his work in sustainable agricultural systems, including the influence of climate change and extreme climatic events on crop and animal productivity, use of seasonal and intra-annual weather to forecast plant growth, model derivation and evaluation, and on-farm management strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.
He is also the Director of the Carbon Storage Partnership, a multi-million-dollar transdisciplinary initiative that is developing profitable, environmentally sustainable, and socially acceptable pathways to a carbon-neutral livestock sector by 2030.
The TIA-UTAS team will integrate satellite imagery with footage captured by drone pilot Darren Turner, as well as calibrate and/or validate pasture data provided by Enviro-dynamics.
At Okehampton, Jason Whitehead has overseen the installation of infrastructure needed for the cell grazing trials by pakana Services and staff from Glamorgan Spring Bay Council.
Previously Okehampton had been continuously grazed over large paddocks at light intensities for longer durations. With new fencing and water infrastructure now in place, about 2000 Merino sheep will be rotated through a series of plots over the 18-month trial, which is due to finish in June 2023.
Ground control points have been placed at the corners of the paddock so when the drone flies over it is picking up the exact point as the on-ground data collection.
“That can then be scaled to the drone and the drone is flying with the same sensors as the satellite, so we can scale up,” Mr Whitehead said.
“We are trying to work out from the satellite imagery dry and green biomass amounts. That is the end point. And the regen ag grazing highlights the importance of having the right kind of stocking density, rate, and rotation.
“We are working toward being better at looking after our pastures, but also a more cost-effective agistment arrangement with our farming tenants, so we have cash flow and reduced costs associated with pasture regeneration and reseeding.
“Ultimately, we are working toward a whole of property management plan.”
Celia Leverton, President of Regenerative Agriculture Network Tasmania (RANT), has farmed for 40-plus years and said the regen ag approach has tipped everything that she has learnt “on its ear.”
“We know these systems of grazing work because they have been tested in many varying climates, rainfalls and on different soil types,” Ms Leverton said.
“Past trials and whole of farm demonstrations has shown it builds drought resilience by increasing water infiltration and nutrient cycling and the moisture retention on the soil.”
Regenerative agriculture practices restore landscape function, increase nutrient and water cycling and sequester carbon in the soil. These practices increase biodiversity, productivity and are profitable and low risk, while being personally sustainable for farmers and their communities.
Grasses are left to fully recover between grazing events ie. it has no grazed tips and 2-3 fresh yellowing leaves. The yellowing leaves are pushed onto the soil surface between the perennial grass bases to become decomposing litter, which then increases the water infiltration and soil moisture holding capacity.
The decomposing litter also triggers the nutrients to cycle biologically, increasing the soil nutrient access through aeration and improving soil microbial activity. This may also improve soil organic carbon, which can then reduce net farm greenhouse gas emissions.
The combination of increasing the organic matter in the soil - because grass is recovered – and the impacts under hoof of higher stock densities (that push uneaten grass down into the soil) and high pasture utilisation, are being monitored at Okehampton.
“The sheep tend to eat the green and some of the dry out of the grass and push the remaining dry matter onto the soil surface. That provides litter on the soil surface which decomposes, enabling those other functions to happen,” Ms Leverton said.
“So, instead of seeing that grey oxidising grass - which is commonly seen across grazing country - it pushes it onto the soil surface where the soil biology can access it and it is not releasing carbon into the atmosphere.
“While it is not all going down the animals’ throat, it’s not being wasted. The remaining vegetation is feeding the soil. You get the animal performance while building the landscape function.”
She said the monitoring system, known as landscape function analysis, is based on the peer-reviewed work by Dr David Tongway, from CSIRO, and has been used extensively across Australia by farmers and universities. From there, Holistic Management educator Graeme Hand developed a process to provide corrective action and feedback to farmers.
“There have been hundreds of trials done around Australia and the results have been consistently positive Ms Leverton said.
Trial results have shown that leaf driven recovery allows landscape health and biodiversity to reach 20% of its potential, while root driven recovery is delivering 60% of the potential.
“It is not a terribly convenient form of management – it requires redistribution of labour to animal management – but it takes resources from cutting hay or silage or fertiliser application.
“Not all animals are going to be suited to it, but farmers have proven it is possible to breed animals that thrive on the fully recovered grass and we can move to that phenotype of animal at a profit. This grazing system increases landscape health while producing food and fibre. It uses less fossil fuels and is a lower risk system for the environment and the farm business.
“We are very conscious of animal welfare and performance issues as well - their welfare is primary. But also getting enough utilisation and impact on the ground, so what is not eaten is pushed down. That is building that soil health as well.”
Ms Leverton said the grazing system is in use on the mainland, with some farmers producing a kilo of beef for 20-30 cents, compared to around $2 per kilo for standard grazing practices.
“The low cost of production means it doesn’t matter whether it’s a dry or wet year, it doesn’t matter what the market price does, these farmers are always ahead. They are always profitable. And moving away from the emphasis solely on production, to a profit and land health focus.
“Farmers are taking back some of the profits made in agriculture and reducing their financial risk, as well as the risk to the land.
“We need more data. While it has been proven anecdotally that high stock density and grass utilisation, with a long recovery delivers an increase in landscape function and profit, we need repeated trials to build a body of evidence that farmers can be confident in and will attract funding to further expand trials.
“Currently we have around 30 small trials and paddock scale trials established around Tasmania, and they are all feeding back the same information that the high density, utilisation and longer recoveries rapidly increase the landscape function and health. We plan to expand these trials even further and would love to hear from more interested farmers.
“This is what the beauty of these trials is. They are a small area so it is a low-risk check to see what will for on individual farms.
“Saying that, we are not attached to any particular practice, but are outcome focused on increasing the ability of our farming landscape to function to its biological potential, while being profitable.”
A recipient of a Churchill Fellowship, Ms Leverton will travel to Canada, Mexico, and the US in the next year to visit farms who have successfully adopted regenerative farming and increased their landscape, business, and farmer health in the long-term.
“I’m also visiting research and education facilities to bring back some of the processes that have been successful in enabling the uptake and funding of regen farming.”
This project is being delivered in partnership with Cape Herbert Pty Ltd, Regenerative Agricultural Network Tasmania, the Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, the University of Tasmania, Enviro-dynamics, Cibo Labs, Glamorgan Spring Bay Council and pakana Services, and with assistance from Grindstone Pastoral (current farm lease holder). It is jointly funded through Australian Government’s Future Drought Fund and Cape Herbert Pty Ltd.
IMAGE: Installing fencing at Okehampton.
This article was published in Tasmanian Country Newspaper on 11 March 2022.
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Evidence
A new report shows that regenerative grazing practices can be very profitable and improve farmer wellbeing, at the same time as increasing the health of Australia’s grassy woodlands.
For some decades, regenerative land managers have claimed that their production practices have led to regeneration of the environment and biodiversity, and that this has enabled them to generate a strong and stable level of farm profit and increased wellbeing.
Individual case studies have supported this. However, a unique study released in March, titled Graziers with better profitability, biodiversity and wellbeing has now examined the differences in profitability between 15 commercial-scale regenerative wool and/or beef graziers (in regions of eastern Australia where box gum grassy woodlands are found) and conventionally farmed sheep, sheep-beef and mixed cropping- grazing businesses in their regions. In summary, the study concluded that regenerative grazing can be at least as profitable, and at times more profitable, than other methods, whilst increasing the graziers’ wellbeing.
The study found that the regenerative graziers are often more profitable than comparable contributors to the ABARES Farm Survey, especially in dry years; that their average levels of farm profit were similar to the Holmes Sackett AgInsights average benchmarks, although less profitable than the top 20%; and the regenerative graziers experience significantly higher than average wellbeing when compared to other NSW farmers that have contributed to the University of Canberra regional wellbeing survey.
The average profit levels of the regenerative graziers were consistently higher (12 out of 14 years) than the average ABARES Farm Survey participants and showed less variability over the study period. The average profits of regenerative graziers were consistently better in years where there was low rainfall.
The study noted that 11 of the past 15 years had some degree of deficit in rainfall from long term averages and were classed as “unfavourable”.
The regenerative managed farms had substantially lower cost structures, in key areas such as supplementary feed costs/DSE, pasture costs/DSE and animal health and breeding costs/DSE.
When the regenerative graziers ranked their goals, the most important financial goal was to “achieve a satisfactory level of income”, as opposed to the goal of “maximizing income” that scored significantly lower. Interestingly, the regenerative graziers were able to achieve a level of profit comparable to industry benchmarks as a by-product of their approach to land management. STUDY RESULTS: FARMER WELLBEING
The regenerative graziers had significantly higher well being than other comparative farmers. They had significantly higher levels of general health compared to other farmers of similar age.
They had greater confidence in their ability to achieve farming goals, cope with difficult conditions on farm, and were more satisfied with their future security. When they self-assessed their farm’s financial performance, they were more likely than other farmers to report being satisfied with their farm financial performance, and to report having very good cash flow.
Graziers with better profitability, biodiversity and wellbeing This survey, conducted by Vanguard Business Services, has found that regenerative graziers are often more profitable and have significantly higher than average wellbeing compared with other NSW farmers. These findings verify the claim that regenerative graziers are able to be profitable whilst maintaining and enhancing the biodiversity on their properties.
This project was supported through funding from the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program and was conducted by the Australian National University, University of Canberra and University of Queensland researchers and economists, Vanguard Business Services’ agricultural consultants and economists from NSW State Government and ABARES.
View Full Report: Link https://www.vbs.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Graziers-with-better-profit-and-biodiversity_Final-2019.pdf
For more information, contact Graeme Hand (world leading consultant)
Website: https://www.handfortheland.com/
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Please send your poetry and art work to share with our community.
Dear Readers,
We invite you to join us in celebrating the rich heritage of Australian poetry and art. Our land has been graced by the words and creations of remarkable talents like Banjo Paterson and countless Indigenous artists, whose works have shaped our cultural landscape.
We encourage you to share your own poetry and art, inspired by these great figures. Let us honor their legacy by showcasing the diverse voices and visions that continue to thrive in our community.
Please send in your submissions to commemorate the spirit and creativity of our past poets and artists. Together, let's weave a tapestry of words and images that reflect the beauty and resilience of Australia.
Warm regards,
Ray
Evolutionary Behavior of Plants
In a realm where seasons dance and time flows like a river, A resilient community of plants thrives, ever clever. Through spring's tender embrace and summer's golden light, Autumn's whispered secrets and winter's frosty night.
They grow in harmony, yet compete for space, Each seeking light, nutrients, a cherished place. Some bloom in spring, a fleeting, vibrant show, Others in summer's warmth, where wildflowers glow.
Autumn brings its own, with leaves of fiery hue, Winter's hardy souls endure the cold and dew. Some live but a season, their purpose clear and bright, Others witness generations, standing tall in the night.
In this vibrant ecosystem, life weaves its intricate thread, Landscape functions flourish, where nature's wisdom is spread. Through ice ages and beyond, their legacy they weave, Passing on their genes, in the soil they believe.
A dance of life and death, of competition and grace, In this resilient community, they find their place. Landscape functions sustain, in harmony they grow, An ecosystem's tale, where life's rhythms flow.
Animals play their part, in this ancient ballet, Migrating herds shape plants, in their evolutionary sway. For aeons, a billion years, their paths intertwined, Plants evolved with beasts, in a dance so refined.
From grazing lands to forests deep, their influence profound, Plants adapt and thrive, where animal footsteps resound. Together they journey, through time's endless span, A symbiotic dance, in nature's grand plan.
I hope this piece helps us to appreciate and to beautifully captures the interconnectedness of plants and animals over the ages! 🌿🦌✨
Cheers
Ray
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